I MESSAGED to my arborist neighbor the choice day to solely say, “Glad holidays.” And on the tip of my observe, I furthermore acknowledged this: “See you quickly.”
Winter stands out as a result of the quiet season up North correct proper right here all through the yard often, nonetheless it’s when a substantial amount of the pruning work will get accomplished. Arborist Basil Camu of Leaf & Limb tree-care company in Raleigh, N.C., helped me map out a tree care to-do itemizing for the season, together with winter pruning and completely completely different duties.
Basil is co-founder of Leaf & Limb, and writer of the e book “From Wasteland to Shock: Straightforward Methods We Can Assist Heal Earth all through the Sub/Metropolis Panorama” (affiliate hyperlink). Leaf & Limb is a really completely completely completely different sort of tree service that doesn’t lower down timber, however as an alternative focuses on tree care by all phases of the plant’s life, emphasizing good pruning, soil care, and additional.
Plus: Remark all through the realm close to the underside of the net net web page to enter to win a signed copy of his e book.
Examine alongside as you are taking heed to the Jan. 6, 2025 mannequin of my public-radio present and podcast utilizing the participant beneath. You presumably can subscribe to all future editions on Apple Podcasts (iTunes) or Spotify (and browse my archive of podcasts correct proper right here).
winter tree care, with basil camu
Margaret Roach: Welcome as soon as extra to this system, Basil. So what zone are are we chatting with you from now [laughter]? I grew to develop to be a 6A, I graduated to 6A. What are you?
Basil Camu: Yeah, appropriately, we graduated to a strictly 8A, only a bit little little little bit of 8B relying on form of the place you is more likely to be, however we misplaced our 7B designation, which is fairly wild.
Margaret: Sure, wild circumstances accessible in the marketplace on this planet, and I don’t understand how the vegetation really are managing. In fact, deal with resilience; wow. I’m impressed.
So let’s begin with the when of tree and shrub pruning, on account of I do know a substantial amount of gardeners fret, in all completely completely completely different zones, about remembering what to prune when and what to not prune when. And I think about it’s, for me, it’s regularly… and for my readers from the strategies and questions I get, it seems to be like as if it’s regularly only a bit trickier remembering with the shrubs bigger than with the timber, like everytime you prune the lilac or which hydrangea species will get pruned when and so forth. However winter’s an enormous completely different for pruning in quite a lot of circumstances. And I needed to take heed to your fascinated by timing, your common fascinated by timing, your recommendation or philosophy.
Basil: Sure, good query. I tend to supply some very easy factors to recollect, after which I can get into only a bit extra nuance, however merely form of straightforward factors to recollect. Winter is often the correct time to prune. It’s an outstanding time. In order that’s a easy problem to recollect. Shrubs do get robust. It relies upon upon lots in your objective, however I think about many individuals are pruning for flower manufacturing. And simply a easy rule of thumb, it’s not regularly true, nonetheless it’s typically true is in case you prune after the flowers go to seed, it’s typically a wonderful time to prune. However significantly with timber, winter is a terribly good time to prune. I’ll add only a bit layer of nuance: The worst time to prune many timber is definitely spring due to the rising sap, and significantly with maples, river birches, factors that already do a substantial amount of sap manufacturing in spring, this may be notably dangerous.
After which extra nuance correct proper right here, form of reverse to plain notion, summer time season season really often is a pleasing time to prune. It’s going to be only a bit extra counting on what’s taking place. For instance, correct proper right here in North Carolina, we had 25 days of no rain with one issue like 12 data for highest temperatures. I counsel, that isn’t an outstanding time to prune, however in a typical rising season, it is perhaps a wonderful time to prune. Which can’ve been only a bit an excessive amount of ingredient.
Margaret: No, no, by no means. On account of it sounds acquainted. Though I’m distant, comparatively talking and zones away, we had a really extended stretch of scorching and dry, and it was sort of like all bets have been off about precisely what the proper take care of any plant was [laughter]. It’s like, I don’t know the rule e book for this new state of affairs, sort of.
Basil: I’ve to moreover add when goes to rely very intently in your targets. I actually assume by the use of pruning, firstly, it’s a ought to to rearrange a objective after which out of your objective, the when and the how develop into extra apparent.
Margaret: Right. So quite a lot of the issues I often don’t do: I wouldn’t, as an example, if I’ve a spring-blooming shrub like a lilac, I probably don’t wish to intently prune it all through the winter earlier than it blooms. You sort of alluded to this earlier than, and likewise you acknowledged wait till after the flowers are spent, they’re accomplished, on account of in one other case I’d lose only a few of my flowers. However then there are furthermore exceptions to each rule. You’re probably not going to kill the plant by doing that. And generally you understand what? One issue’s overgrown, or it’s an enormous amount, or it had some hurt all through the winter or no matter, and likewise you’ve bought to do this stuff. However setting targets, you’re completely right. What do I would love from this plant; why am I rising it? And making an evaluation. I think about that’s right.
Basil: Yeah. Almost about timber, my favourite objective is vitality. And that always requires doing one issue often called structural pruning, and winter is only a very good time for that. Shrubs and smaller timber, you don’t often have to fret about vitality masses. Perhaps you’re nervous just a few shrub splitting. It’s possibly not typically a priority, however even when it did decrease up, it’s probably not going to set off any injury. So often the vitality targets are reserved for the massive timber. After which as quickly as I’m specializing in shrubs and smaller timber, I’m really fascinated by what do I would love from this plant? Is it fruit? Is it a flower? Is it merely to develop and supply some screening between me and the neighbor? That form of problem.
Margaret: Right correct proper right here in my yard, I’ve a bunch of earlier apples, and a bunch of earlier crabapples and completely completely different fruit, some espaliered fruit—Asian pears and stuff like that, and even only a few of my older magnolias, factors that get a substantial amount of water sprouts and suckers and so forth. I really actually really feel like winter is an absolute must time for me to get that junk. And I counsel, I say that lovingly [laughter], however that picket manufacturing, these sprouts that principally go straight vertical, aren’t going to point into one factor worthwhile and are merely possibly going to set off trouble, I think about, notably as I’ve a snowier native local weather possibly than you do. I wish to get these out of correct proper right here. And in order that’s thought of certainly one of many factors that’s an unlimited prepare in winter correct proper right here, it might not matter what. I don’t ought to assume twice about that.
Every completely different examples of factors that you simply simply’re regularly saying to prospects, “Hey, we have got to make this an annual routine,” or one factor like every completely different examples?
Basil: Yeah, I’ll caveat by saying what you’ve merely described is particularly compulsory for fruit manufacturing as appropriately. We don’t typically get into a substantial amount of fruit manufacturing. If we do have a client that’s keen on that, what you described is strictly right. However typically what we’ll counsel is even on the fruiting timber, we’ll counsel even after they need fruit manufacturing, to care for good constructing just because it’d produce lots a lot much less fruit, nonetheless it’ll maintain it extra steadily with lots a lot much less potentialities of the branches splitting.
In order quickly as additional, sort of goes to targets. And I do must be very clear as quickly as I say really primarily the primary targets we’re serving firstly is constructing for giant timber. Secondarily, it’s going to be clearing off buildings; that is timber and shrubs. After which most of our targets spherical small timber and shrubs are purely aesthetic. So what you describe, if a client does need a form of a extra clear look, we do precisely that, however only a few of our prospects might need these self related timber, and it’s really merely meant to be safety all through the yard for privateness. So we really would not-
Margaret: Clear ’em out as masses.
Basil: Yeah, precisely. After which I’ve to moreover degree out we have got now a substantial amount of prospects who’re very ecologically minded and really need as quite a lot of that as attainable, significantly the ineffective branches for birds and bugs that may use these branches.
Margaret: Yeah. So with structural pruning and vitality, you’ve talked about only a few circumstances, so I’m form of visualizing and I’m fascinated by an identical to the angles of trunks and branches, and the variety of trunks, and the event that methodology. Is that what we’re speaking about? Some common suggestions like I’m attempting to visualise as quickly as I stand as soon as extra and try a plant and methodology it about structural pruning?
Basil: All of it begins all through the forest. That is the place timber originated. So in a forest, you presumably can consider they’re competing for daylight, which suggests these timber are having to develop straight and tall trunks with these even, well-spaced branches reaching for the picture voltaic. Whereas all through the suburban panorama, typically timber typically mustn’t competing for daylight, in order that they’ll develop in unnatural methods the place they’ve these giant trunks or quite a lot of stems. [Above and below, respectively, before and after of pruning out a young double trunk of a tree.]
I think about, significantly for East Coast listeners, in case you exit on a stroll all through the woods, look for a crimson maple rising all through the woods. It’s so completely completely completely different than a crimson maple rising on the streets, which I consider each metropolis all through the Jap USA has maples on the streets. It’s a really completely completely completely different enchancment constructing. So what we’re attempting to do is we’re attempting to advertise that concept of every from a really youthful age, instructing the tree to have one trunk with small, well-spaced branches. Or if it’s an older established tree, and we’re earlier that time, then it’s a matter of decreasing weight off of the trunk.
So that you simply presumably can consider, as quickly as additional, that maple that I’m describing might need three completely completely completely different giant trunks. It’s masses too late to teach it to have one trunk, however we’re going to at least within the discount of weight off the ends of the trunks. And this isn’t the easiest; that is form of periphery, spreading over your automobile or your own home. And by decreasing only a few of that weight, we now reduce the chance that the tree may decrease up, which may clearly set off hurt. And naturally the tree may very appropriately die from that.
Margaret: Right. Presently of 12 months, I began the introduction of the present at present with the anecdote about sending a observe to my native arborist. And we stroll the fence line, often, earlier than work begins in winter. We’ll go stroll all through the perimeter of the property, sort of stroll spherical collectively and say, “What about that? What do you take into account that? What do you assume?” Is that what you do with prospects?
Basil: Yeah.
Margaret: And as well as you’re sort of like displaying the patron discover ways to look. You’re wanting, however you furthermore explaining discover ways to look. Is that what you’re doing?
Basil: Precisely. And we’re inclined to care for the timber which is more likely to be nearer to homes and automobiles and driveways and streets on account of those have larger consequence. After which if a client does have timber… By consequence, I counsel if a tree have been to separate. After which has the funds or should go check out completely completely different timber that aren’t mainly close to a home or a avenue, we’d check out these as appropriately. However generally these are extra luxurious objects merely pending budgets.
Margaret: And I say the property line, strolling the fence, on account of I’ve an 8-foot deer fence spherical quite a lot of acres, and so the fence is a treasured commodity. It’s an identical to the fence might be going certainly one of many factors—not as treasured as the home, nonetheless it’s one completely different problem that I wish to administration. So if I’ve a inclined limb of 1 issue big comparable to you’re discussing that’s hanging over the fence, we wish to deal with that. We wish to resolve what we’re going to do about that.
Basil: And notably if there’s youthful timber in play, we favor to get prospects concerned throughout the event that they’re , simply because it’s a good way to get engaged alongside collectively together with your timber. And pruning a youthful tree for good constructing is by far the correct place to begin out out. And it’s furthermore straightforward, it’s one issue a house proprietor can do, and I might describe that course of in case you need, nonetheless when that’s an excessive amount of nuance, we’re going to merely skip it.
Margaret: No, go forward. Inform me only a bit bit, the transient model of that.
Basil: If a house proprietor needed to do this work themselves, it’s fairly easy. You check out your youthful tree and likewise you’re first form of visualizing the place do I think about the trunk, the primary trunk is? And usually with youthful timber, there’s liable to be quite a lot of which is more likely to be rising, so merely choose your one that you simply simply assume should be the chief. After which your second step is solely if there are completely completely different creating trunks, lower them in half or fully take away them. You can do that on a youthful tree.
When you do this, then we’re vertical and horizontal spacing between branches. So we’re wanting on a horizontal airplane; that is the ring all through the circumference. We really solely need one division per horizontal. After which we’re furthermore vertical spacing. We want to have some separation, half a foot to a foot of vertical spacing as appropriately.
And that if we would merely get these two factors right, that objects up a terribly stunning scaffold on this tree on account of it grows. And the home-owner can typically do this for possibly 5 to seven years throughout the event that they’re wanting to possibly make investments possibly in a pole software program program. That is like, you presumably can consider your Felco pruners, however they’re on the tip of a 6-foot pole. So with a minor gear buy there, you’ll do this for the primary 5 to seven years of a tree’s life, and that alone can set up the tree for very good long-term vitality, which interprets into having that tree for longer.
Margaret: You merely perked me right up on account of I’m a freak about gadgets, pruning gadgets [laughter]. An anecdote, years to this point: I used to be doing a narrative and I went to an arborist commerce present, like a conference as a part of analysis for the story. And I used to be wandering spherical, there have been cubicles, trade-show sort of cubicles promoting factors, they typically had all these knowledgeable pruning gadgets. They typically appeared nothing an identical to the issues that I used to be seeing all through the yard companies, offered to cope with gardeners.
Basil: Yeah.
Margaret: And I used to be like, whoa. And that is just a few years to this point, however at any price: telescoping pruners, or long-reach pruners with every a noticed on one finish or comparable to you acknowledged, the working finish of a pruning shears on the one finish, however a protracted light-weight aluminum prolonged grip, so to talk.
And there I’m: Lastly, it’s not harmful; I’m standing on the underside and I’m reaching 6 toes. I’m not on a ladder alone all through the yard, which I’m completely like, no, no, no, no, no home-owner! No, no, no! [Laughter.] There’s a set off arborists work in groups, due to security. You don’t do this alone. However merely the thought there are gadgets all through the knowledgeable vary which is more likely to be a bigger funding, I think about on account of they’re typically light-weight, nonetheless excessive effectivity. You’re not carrying an unlimited load of junk and over-efforting to make each lower. Like loppers, as an example, which is more likely to be fabricated from tubular aluminum or no matter they’re made. One issue that it really works on the reducing finish; it’s extremely efficient, nonetheless it’s not 10 kilos or no matter. And so I’m not exhausted from utilizing it.
And I’ve to confess, I’m an a ARS model junkie. I like that specific individual model. That’s what I first discovered about. And I suppose it’s an Asian, Japanese. And it’s like in the event you uncover that, it liberates you to have the facility to do only a few of this work your self. As quickly as additional, from the underside stage. Sorry, I obsessed. [Laughter.]
Basil: No, no, you’re precisely right. It’s price investing in some good gadgets. And I’d say a ARS is nice. Jameson is an environment friendly pole-tool company.
Margaret: Oh, I don’t discover out about them. Oh, good.
Basil: Yeah, for saws, Silky saws are merely the correct there are. Watch out with them; they’re razor sharp. After which Felcos are my go-to hand pruners.
One closing observe: You talked about security, and we is perhaps remiss to not degree out this. Two suggestions: #1, everytime you’re pruning, notably with gadgets which is more likely to be sharp or extended, please put in your eye safety and positioned on a helmet, even when it’s solely a bicycle helmet. Should you’re pruning from above and a division may fall down and stab you all through the brow or one issue. And in addition you then’ve acknowledged this one, however solely work from the underside on flat, secure surfaces, no ladders, no nothing. That’s the place of us really get damage.
Margaret: And I think about in gardening often, I counsel security glasses after we’re mowing, after we’re pruning—not merely after we’re pruning, nonetheless it’s like we should always all the time always have security glasses on in a substantial amount of conditions. Our eyes are treasured and we have got to defend them. And I think about quite a lot of people don’t do this. I’ve pairs of security glasses in every single place correct proper right here. [Laughter.]
Basil: I think about it’s really loopy. However possibly in all probability probably the most harmful circumstances is pruning a large shrub or small decorative tree, on account of they’ve an inclination to have a substantial amount of little stems. And I’m unable to let what number of circumstances I’ve turned and had a stem merely smash on my eyeglasses, and I’m like, wow, really glad I had these eyeglasses on.
Margaret: Sure, optimistic. To be in that thicket in there and alter spherical and swap spherical; optimistic, it’s harmful. So no, I agree.
So good winter tree care: We’ve spoken earlier than, and likewise you’ve educated me earlier than, it focuses not merely on the pruning, nonetheless furthermore on the general correctly being of the tree—boosting the general correctly being of the tree. We’re not speaking about throwing a bunch of fertilizer on; we’re speaking about one issue else altogether, about soil care, optimistic?
Basil: Right. Totally. If structural pruning affords a tree vitality, then we give a tree correctly being by its soil ecosystem. And actually the correct methods to do that are going to be leaving the leaves beneath the tree. You presumably can rake them out of your yard in case you wish to, however pile them beneath the tree. Along with arborist picket chips; I’m an unlimited fan. I actually counsel them over processed mulches. After which if in case you might need compost you’ve been making, this could possibly be an excellent time to sprinkle compost spherical your timber. After which for the really overachievers accessible in the marketplace who’re listening and have a should take movement, one completely different good layer is solely to plant understory companion vegetation. These are little timber and little shrubs. The extra choice in that house, the happier the entire vegetation and the happier the entire bugs, on account of they are going to now end their life cycles.
Margaret: So we’re mimicking nature’s layered model of planting, identical to the place timber are surrounded by smaller timber and shrubs after which herbaceous understory stuff and so forth. We’re mimicking that.
Basil: Precisely. Yeah. Even in case you don’t have time to do all that, at least merely placing some leaves beneath there, and a few arborist picket chips might very properly be good; these are going to make your tree really completely satisfied. Considerably going as soon as extra to this earlier summer time season season, we noticed so many giant oaks die this earlier summer time season season from hypoxolon canker, and there was a really sturdy correlation between the oaks that died and really poor soil circumstances and the oaks which have been O.Okay. and their healthful soil circumstances. So it’d possibly really matter, notably all through the face of those hotter, drier summers.
Margaret: So that you simply simply acknowledged arborist picket chips twice, and remind me now what it’s that’s in arborist picket chips. Is it that it incorporates twigs and division picket, not merely trunks floor up? Is it the picket that’s in it?
Basil: It’s typically only a bit bit extra diversified. That is the stuff you get from a tree service with out spending a dime. They’ll all with out spending a dime. Some cities may even have entry to an online web page often called chipdrop.com. These are generally the larger cities. That’s like a platform you presumably can go on and request with chips with out spending a dime.
However the wanting it’s these are merely extra diversified merchandise, lots a lot much less processing, it’s extra parts of the tree. I think about probably the #1 set off I favor to advocate it, apart from being free, is that it might not develop into waterproof. Fairly just a few these triple- and double-shredded mulches really develop into waterproof over diversified months, after which that’s really very counterproductive to the correctly being of your timber. In order that’s probably crucial set off I favor to advocate arborist picket chips.
Margaret: O.Okay. And the free is an environment friendly problem. [Laughter.]
Basil: Free is an efficient problem.
Margaret: Yeah. No, it’s no baggage. what I counsel? That’s the choice problem. It hasn’t been trucked all by way of an entire lot of miles. It’s native. It’s reusing it in a reasonably shut proximity to the place it was produced, which is nice.
Basil: Right? I counsel, really, we would spend an hour speaking concerning the deserves of picket chips, however I’ll throw in a single completely completely different. The rationale [the processed kind are] often called triple-shredded is on account of it goes by the grinder thrice. So your carbon footprint is thrice heavier than merely frequent arborist picket chips. That’s one different excuse to not get the processed stuff.
Margaret: Right. So presently of 12 months, what are the issues that you simply simply’re doing mainly in all probability probably the most of? Is it structural pruning? Inform us only a bit bit extra about which tree, which timber or is all of it timber—or are there’s any no-no’s or as I acknowledged to you quite a lot of people who I regularly do yearly.
Basil: Every issue’s reliable sport this winter, until you may want a objective spherical flower manufacturing. After which there are going to be some shrubs you do not wish to prune right now. However we’re doing a substantial amount of structural pruning right now. That’s the massive problem.
I’ll furthermore add that we aren’t doing a substantial amount of deadwood pruning. It’s merely an homage to the birds and the sooner timber and snags that you simply simply and I each love. However we do attempt to go away as quite a lot of that as we’re going to for the birds, until it’s a hazard, in actuality. However structural pruning is the heavy one. The compost and the picket chips; we do a substantial amount of that this time of the 12 months. After which we furthermore do a substantial amount of tree planting, which is out of the scope of this dialog. However in actuality, this could possibly be a unbelievable time to plant timber as appropriately.
Margaret: Right. Efficiently you acknowledged snags and wildlife timber, ineffective and dying timber that could possibly be left standing at least partly if not full. And I sort of take into consideration my yard like Margaret’s Dwelling of Snags, on account of it’s like these totem poles; I can’t bear to take down timber. And when a tree does should return once more down, lastly, I attempt to have the arborist who’s serving to me lay the carcass, so to talk, beside the place it grew. Merely decrease it, however go away it and let it degrade. And boy, oh boy, the woodpeckers, they’re so completely satisfied. The pileateds correct proper right here, the great big woodpeckers, they love all these trunks.
Basil: Oh yeah. Plus you’re along with these big chunks of picket which is more likely to be rotting. These are a house for beetles. Disclaimer to the listeners: You despatched me some photographs of your yard after the last word time we spoke. I used to be so impressed. There’s merely masses nice ecology taking place there.
Margaret: I think about of us probably who come on yard excursions probably assume she’s only a bit bit messy and loopy, however I’ve so many, I’ve, I dunno, 70-something species of birds that go to yearly reliably. And I can’t assist however assume it’s partly due to some of these practices, together with the truth that I’ve some in-ground water that I present them year-round. However I think about it’s these ecological factors that make crucial distinction. Not merely decorative factors, however the ecologically primarily based decisions like that.
Basil: I agree. It’s good. Soil is a basis for a terribly sturdy meals net, so there’s a substantial amount of foundational insect prepare taking place in your property that’s translating into meals abundance for the birds. And so I think about you’re spot on.
Margaret: Efficiently, and if we take into consideration a tree that’s grown in a spot for 50 or 60 or 70 or much more years, the biomass represented in that trunk alone. Are you acutely aware what I counsel?
Basil: Oh yeah.
Margaret: It’s an enormous quantity of dwelling tissue, and creatures are in there unseen creatures, billions of them probably [laughter]. It’s lots. So I’m fascinated by it, and charmed by it.
Basil: The analysis will not be good nonetheless on this stage that I’m about to make, however tentatively scientists assume that one issue like 80 %… The meals you might need been speaking about, merely the biomass of the tree, that solely represents possibly 20 % of the meals that tree is creating. The opposite 80 % is getting distributed out by means of leaves, and so that you simply presumably can merely consider how masses these mature timber are doing when it comes to feeding completely completely different life.
Margaret: Yeah. I merely need you to produce us a terribly fast pitch: You’ve gotten a nonprofit [Project Pando] as appropriately, together with Leaf & Limb, the tree-care company, there’s your nonprofit.
Basil: We work with the group to assemble native seeds, and we develop these and provides them away with out spending a dime. It is a very busy time for our nonprofit on account of there’s so many seeds accessible right now. Lastly, we’d love for individuals to do this work of their communities wherever they’re listening. It’s really fulfilling, it’s tutorial. It’s a chance to meet your neighbors and get to know them. You presumably can uncover out about our nonprofit; we mapped out the blueprint on how to do this and put it in our e book, which you talked about earlier. The e book, I’ll degree out, has an entire chapter merely on structural pruning. So if people wish to get particulars about discover ways to do it.
Margaret: I’m so glad to talk to you. And now I wish to get outdoors and go see what’s occurring with the timber and make my itemizing of the to-dos [laughter]. So thanks Basil, and as quickly as additional, completely satisfied New 12 months. Good to speak to you.
Basil: All the time an honor and a privilege. Thanks for having me, and I hope you may want an stunning New 12 months.
(All photographs from Leaf & Limb; used with permission.)
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